This process guide is designed for:

• Manufacturing business owners setting up new production lines
• Industrial procurement managers sourcing equipment from overseas
• MSME entrepreneurs importing machinery under various government schemes
• Trading companies dealing in industrial machinery parts

Import from Vietnam to India Shipping Routes: Strategic Sourcing Options

Vietnam has emerged as a preferred sourcing destination for Indian manufacturers, offering competitive machinery costs and favorable trade terms under the ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement. Understanding the primary shipping routes from Vietnam to India helps optimize transit times and freight costs for your industrial imports.

Major Vietnam Origin Ports

• Hai Phong Port: Northern Vietnam's largest port, ideal for machinery sourced from Hanoi and industrial zones in the Red River Delta
• Da Nang Port: Central Vietnam gateway for equipment from the Central Highlands manufacturing belt
• Ho Chi Minh City (Cat Lai): Southern Vietnam's primary port, handling the majority of machinery exports to India

Primary Shipping Routes to India

ASEAN-India FTA Benefits for Vietnam Imports

When you import from Vietnam to India via these shipping routes, you can claim preferential duty benefits under the ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement:

• Reduced BCD: Machinery imports from Vietnam attract 0-5% BCD under the FTA, compared to the standard 7.5-15% MFN rates
• Certificate of Origin: Ensure your Vietnamese supplier provides the ASEAN-India FTA Certificate of Origin (Form AI) to claim these benefits
• Direct Consignment Rule: Goods must be shipped directly from Vietnam to India (with limited transshipment exceptions) to qualify for FTA benefits

This makes Vietnam an increasingly attractive alternative to traditional sourcing markets for Indian machinery importers.

Step 1: Determine Your Machinery's HS Code and Import Policy

Before placing any purchase order, you must identify the correct Harmonised System (HS) Code for your machinery. This 8-digit code determines your duty liability, licensing requirements, and eligibility for concessional schemes.

Common Machinery HS Codes for Indian Importers

Pro Tip: Always verify the exact 8-digit HS code on the Indian Trade Portal before importing. A wrong classification can result in duty reassessment, penalties of 10-50% of the short-paid duty, and seizure of goods.

Check Import Restrictions

While most machinery falls under the "Free" import policy, certain categories require:

• Import License from DGFT (for restricted machinery)
• BIS Certification (for machinery under compulsory quality control orders)
• Pollution Control Board NOC (for equipment generating emissions or hazardous waste)

> Key Update (2026): The Directorate General of Foreign Trade has tightened monitoring on second-hand machinery imports under DGFT Notification No. 12/2015-2020. Ensure machinery meets the residual life requirements (minimum 5 years for most industrial equipment).

Step 2: Obtain Mandatory Registrations and Licenses

Before your shipment arrives, ensure you have these prerequisites:

Essential Registrations Checklist

> Watch Out: Without a valid IEC, your goods cannot clear customs. Apply at DGFT's ICEgate portal at least 2 weeks before your expected shipment date.

Special Licenses for Machinery

Step 3: Prepare Your Import Documentation

Proper documentation is the backbone of smooth customs clearance. Missing or incorrect papers can trigger examinations, demurrage charges (₹5,000-₹25,000 per day), and delivery delays.

Mandatory Documents for Machinery Import

Commercial Documents:

• Proforma Invoice (from supplier—use this for LC opening and insurance)
• Commercial Invoice (original, signed, with complete value breakdown)
• Packing List (detailed item-wise list with net/gross weights)
• Bill of Lading/Airway Bill (original negotiable copies)
• Certificate of Origin (for claiming FTA benefits—ASEAN, Japan, Korea FTAs)
• Technical Specifications/Technical Data Sheet (critical for machinery valuation)

Regulatory Documents:

• IEC Certificate (copy with valid number)
• GST Registration Certificate
• Purchase Order/Contract (to establish transaction value)
• GATT Declaration (self-assessment of customs value)
• Bill of Entry (filed by your CHA—electronic submission mandatory via ICEGATE)

Additional Documents (when applicable):

• Import License (for restricted machinery)
• BIS Certificate (for regulated machinery categories)
• Pollution Control Board NOC (for emission-generating equipment)
• Archeological Survey Clearance (for antiquated machinery)
• Test Reports/Certificates (CE, UL, ISO certifications from manufacturer)

Step 4: Understand Your Complete Cost Structure

Many first-time importers underestimate the total landed cost. Here's a complete breakdown using real 2026 figures.

Duty and Tax Calculation Formula

Social Welfare Surcharge (SWS) = 10% of BCD

IGST = 18% of (CIF Value + BCD + SWS + Other Duties)

Sample Cost Breakdown: Importing Manufacturing Machinery Worth ₹10,00,000

Pro Tip: Import under the EPCG Scheme to save BCD + SWS (totaling ~8.25%). However, you must export goods worth 6x the duty saved within 6 years. Ideal for manufacturers with export plans.

Step 5: Shipping and Freight Management

Selecting the Right Freight Mode

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